I have to do a science project on copper?
i need to do a project on copper and i have to awnsers thes questions in my project and i can't find the awnsers so if you could just try and awnser a few that would be great How is copper measured in water and how do you know if it's in your water? at what amount does it become a problem? How can you get rid of this substance if it's in your water?
What causes copper (II) chloride solution to be blue?
This can be explained by looking at the spectrochemical series of metal ligands, a partial version of which is shown here: I− < Br− < Cl− < NO3− < F− < OH− < H2O < NCS− < NH3 < NO2− < CN− < CO. These ligands are anions or groups that can be attached to a metal cation either in solution or in a solid compound. As we move from left to right across the series the ligands become stronger and the colors that they produce when bonded to metals tends more towards the violet end of the color spectrum (shorter wavelengths - remember the visible spectrum goes like this: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet). As we go to ligands on the left side of the series the colors produced by the compounds tends more towards the red end of the color spectrum (longer wavelengths). So, if we have a sample of anhydrous (completely dry) copper (II) chloride it will be orange-brown in color. This is because Cl is a relatively weak field ligand (towards the left side of the spectrochemical series), and so we get that orange/red/brown color. Now, if the anhydrous copper (II) chloride gets a little wet it will start to pull water into the crystal and eventually form copper (II) chloride dihydrate CuCl2(H2O)2, which has a blue-green or turquoise color. Why is this? Because water has bonded to the metal cation (becoming a ligand) and water is a stronger ligand so the color has shifted towards the violet end of the spectrum. If the compound is dissolved in solution then the copper can be completely surrounded by water giving the cation, Cu(H2O)6++ which is even more blue (and therefore giving a blue solution). This, by the way, is also what makes copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate blue (and the anhydrous copper sulfate a dull gray-green) and other copper (II) salts as well. Can the color of the solution be changed? Yes, by dissolving it in something other than pure water. If the CuCl2 is dissolved in hydrochloric acid for example there will be lots of Cl- ions to act as ligands and the solution will be shifted to green or yellow (depending on the concentration of Cl-). If you were to dissolve it in aqueous ammonia the color would be shifted even further to the violet end of the spectrum because ammonia (NH3) is an even stronger ligand than water. In this case the solution will be very deep blue to purple in color.
What is the syllabus for JEE Mains?
The JEE Main syllabus for mathematics, Physics, and chemistry are must to know for all the candidates who are preparing for the exam. The syllabus is prepared by the conducting body. The first step towards JEE Main preparation is to know the syllabus soo all the aspirants can plan accordingly.JEE Main syllabus 2019/2020The important topics that all the candidates find in the JEE Main syllabus for 2019 and 2020 are the same topics that are candidates find in the CBSE, ICSE and state board books. It is adviced to the candidates that they must keep practicing the topics of 11th and 12th level education.Exam Tip: To score well in the examination cover all the important topics of physics, chemistry, and mathematics of classes XI and XII.I am providing syllabus and books for studying for the JEE Main exam. The details are as follows-:JEE Main syllabus for paper 1 (Mathematics)This syllabus is recommended by CBSE for JEE Main entrance.JEE Main syllabus for paper 1 (physics)Note-: This syllabus contains 2 sections A & B. Part A contains theory and its weightage is 80% and part B contains practical and its has 20% weightage.This is recommended by CBSE that you should go through.JEE Main syllabus for paper 1 ( chemistry )NOTE -: This syllabus is divided into 3 sections A, B, and C. Section A contains Physical chemistry. Section B contains inorganic chemistry. Section C contains organic chemistry.This syllabus is recommended by CBSE. Go through itI am also providing you the syllabus for JEE Main paper 2 ( Aptitude test )It is also into 2 parts which are as follows :-Let me also tell you which topics you should study from 11th and 12th ( physics, chemistry, and mathematics).I will also tell you which books you should go for preparing JEE Mains.Hopefully, This will help everyone in preparing their best for JEE Main exam.SOURCE:-
Which chapter is important in PCM for the JEE Main?
Every chapter in jee has equal weightage .But according to me there are such chapters which can get you marks in very little time during the examination . So the list goes like this:-ChemistryChemistry in every day lifePolymersEnvironmental chemistryBiomoleculesSolid stateSolutions7. Surface chemistryThese chapters are very easy and mostly theoretical . So when you are in the exam hall you just have to read the question and mark your answer . This will also save you a lot of time as they carry 28 marks and can be done in less than five minutes which will buy you time for other difficult parts of paper.MathematicsHeights and distancesStatistics3D geometryMatrices and determinantsAreaDifferential equationsThese five chapters are either very easy or problems of these chapters are really simple . So better master these chapters and do variety of questionsphysicsThere's nothing much to be said about physics as it requires practise just like mathematics. You will have to master every topic in this .Tip to study for jee mains : Study continuously for three hours when you sit down to study. Also, only have water in that 3 hour period (nothing else) as it will make you ready for the D-DAY . Solve 90 questions of the assignment you got from your institute in those three hours ( those 90 questions could be of different topics as soon only one topic may get you bored), take this as a test and you will increase your speed of problem solving . In the long run this method of studying will certainly make a difference on the exam day