Properties of functional groups?
what are the properties of the following functional groups? hydroxyl group carbonyl group carboxyl group amino group sulfhydryl group phosphate group
What functional groups are found in proteins?
There are a lot of functional groups that we can encounter in proteins. The main functional groups are Amino group at the N-terminal and carboxyl group at the C- terminal. In addition to these two functional groups, you will see peptide bonds (a special amide bond) in between every amino acids of the polypeptide chain. Though a peptide bond is quite stable, it is also considered as a functional group (amide functional group).There are a lot of other functional groups found in a protein. These functional groups are mainly dependent on the types of amino acids present. As all 19 amino acids (except glycine) have side chains containing an active functional groups. Their presence in a protein determines overall charge and properties of the protein. So you can imagine now how many functional groups can be found in a protein.To make it simple, if all the standard 20 amino acids are involved in making a proteins, then there would be two hydroxy group (for serine and threonine), one -SH group (for cysteine) one phenyl and a para-hydroxyphenyl group (for phenylalanine and tyrosine respectively) one arginino group (for arginine), an indole ring (for tryptophan), an imidazole group (for histidine), an imino group (for proline), two carboxyl groups (for aspartate and glutamate), two amide groups (for asparagine and glutamine), an amino group (for lysine), one -SCH3 group for methionine, and four alkyl groups (for alanine, valine, leucine and isoleucine). And of course one carboxyl group at C-terminal and an amino group at N-terminal.
How functional groups may affect the functions of biological molecules?
Oh god. Way, way, way too many.They are grouped into 7 or so major categories:phosphatehydroxylcarboxylcarbonylaminosulfhydrylmethylBut I don’t think these are all encompassing. In addition, they can combine with each other to create more complex moieties, like acetyl groups which are a methyl + carbonyl.
What is functional group?
Group that performsa specific function/functions are called functional groups of that molecule.You are a person you have a mouth that eats,tastes,speaks. This is the functional group of your body.Your body is a mixof this groups.You have mouth,ears,eyes etc a deaf man doesn't have an ear.Similarly in organic molecule groups that performs a function are called functional groups.-CooH functions as acid-OH functions as alcohol group-cHO functions as aldehyde-CH functions as alkaneA molecule might have one or more of these groups.Just as I gave the example of a deaf man he doesn't have ears.An amino acid has 2 functional groups amine and carboxylic acid.
What are the functional groups in glucose?
Glucose exists in two forms: a straight chain and ring.As a straight chain, the molecule contains five -OH (hydroxyl) groups and one CH=O (aldehyde) group.As a ring, the molecule still contains five hydroxyl groups, but it's aldehyde group has been converted to a C-O-C (ether) group. To be more specific, it's really an HO-C-O-C group, which is known as a hemiacetal group. This hemiacetal group is formed when, in the straight chain form, one of the OH groups undergoes nucleophilic addition to the aldehyde group, closing the ring.So, after the ring closing reaction, the oxygen of the aldehyde group becomes a hydroxyl group, and the hydroxyl group that acted as the nucleeophile is now the ether oxygen.In an aqueous solution, both the straight chain and ring forms exist in equilibrium.
What are the functional groups in amino acids?
Amino acids are comprised of a "backbone" that consists of a carboxylic acid (COOH) and an amine group (NH2) linked by a carbon atom. The linking carbon atom is also attached to a lone hydrogen (H) and the functional group of the amino acid. The functional group of the amino acid provides that amino acid with its set of properties (charged, polar, aromatic, aliphatic, etc), and can be as small as a hydrogen atom, or as complicated as a large ring structure. The functional group is often times abbreviated with a placeholder, "R." There is no chemical element "R," and its use is solely to indicate the location of functional group on the amino acid as is shown below. R groups common to biologically relevant amino acids is shown below:
What functional groups are present in sugar?
Carbonyl groups (aldehyde or ketone) and hydroxyl groups are the main ones. These can reversibly react to form hemiacetal or hemiketal groups, which look like an ether but have a very different chemistry because one of the carbons has a hydroxyl group attached. In di-and poly-saccharides, these hemiacetal and hemiketal groups are derivatized by having the H of that hydroxyl group replaced with a linkage to a carbon on another sugar molecule; these are called glycosidic linkages.
Glucose functional groups!!?
Here is a start - The functional groups are the aldehyde and hydroxyl groups. Because of these polar functional groups, glucose (and other monosaccharides) are highly soluble in water (1.5 g/mL at 25C). The linear form of glucose makes up less than 3% of the glucose molecules in a water solution. The rest is one of two cyclic forms of glucose formed when the hydroxyl group on carbon 5 (C5) bonds to the aldehyde carbon 1 (C1),. More in link.
How many functional groups are there in organic chemistry?
I can name plenty of groups, what is more important is the number of possible reactions. I hold the view that a reaction to be unique can not have the mechanism of another reaction. To my mind electrophilic aromatic substitution looks very similar to the nucleophilic version. So much so that they can be regarded as two versions of the same core reaction.If you want groups, one other person said five how about this list of theAromatic ringAldehydeAlcoholKetoneAmideEsterCarboxylic acidAcid chlorideAlkeneAlkyneThioketoneThioesterThioamideUreaUrethaneIminephosphinethioldisulfidesulfidesulfonesulfoxidephosphinic acidEtherThioetheralkaneacetalalkyl halidearyl halidetosylateThis list of some of the groups took me about three minutes to think of and type
Why are functional groups important?
each functional group represents certain characteristics allowing you to predict behavior or interaction