What are the basic principles of common law, and how does this system differ from civil law?
Civil law is codified (i.e. written down in statutes), whereas the common law has evolved over the centuries through court rulings (jurisprudence). Many aspects of the common law will not be found in any statute.For example, the tort of nuisance is not defined in statute in Ontario, Canada. The definition of it has evolved, beginning with English law, and then court rulings in Ontario, influenced by courts in the rest of Canada, the US, and the Commonwealth.In common law systems, the priority of law is as follows (starting with the top of the hierarchy):the Constitution (supersedes all else)sstatute law (subject to the Constitution, but supersedes the common law)the common law.
Where can you read about the Basic Principles of the UN?
The basic principles would entail the main organs of the UNO and their functions.6 principle organs of the UNO are:UN General Assembly: Adopt budgets, decide on admission of new members, elect the UN Secretary General and judges of the International Court of Justice.UN Secretariat: The administrative wing of UNO. Prepares the budget, administers writing of proposals, study and reports.International Court of Justice: decides disputes between states.UN Security Council: (most important) responsible for international peace and security.UN Economic and Social Council: Responsible for co-operation between states as regards economic and social mattersUN Trusteeship council: mainly redundant nowAnd then you have specialised agencies like UNHRC, FAO, WHO, DISECThe next would be important declarations signed and proclamations as universal by the UNO.The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is an important mandate that was based by the UN. It details all the rights conferred on citizens of members nations. It lays down fundamental human rights to be universally protected.http://www.eycb.coe.int/compasit...2. The United Nations Charter that details the functioning of the organisation. The Charter of the United Nations was signed on 26 June 1945, in San Francisco, at the conclusion of the United Nations Conference on International Organization, and came into force on 24 October 1945.Objective :WE THE PEOPLES OF THE UNITED NATIONS DETERMINEDto save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, andto reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, andto establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, andto promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,AND FOR THESE ENDSto practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbours, andto unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, andto ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, andto employ international machinery for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples,You can find more hereUN Charter (full text)
What are the directive principles of state policy of India?
Directive Principles, In its Most simple form, are Guidelines In The Indian Constitution to the State. These "Principles" are Non-Justicable- They cannot be enforced by courts. While Fundamental Rights are Justicable - they are enforced by Courts. Fundamental Rights Can be Considered as Limitations To the State;What Rights the State Cannot Overreach.Directive Principles Are The Activities Or Principles that should guide the state . The Supreme Court has Long Championed "The Doctrine Of Harmonization" Which state That Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles are supplementary to each other, and constitute an Integrated Scheme. The Directive Principles can be Classified Into Three:Socialist Principles: To Minimize Inequality of income, Ownership and control of material resources of the community for common good,Equal Justice Etc.Gandhian Principles:Promotion of Cottage Industries, Organization Of Village Panchayaths,Prohibition of intoxicating Drugs and Drinks.Western Liberal principles:Uniform Civil Code, Free and Compulsory Education,Separation of Judiciary from Executive Etc. This is the Most Basic Form of The Directive Principles. Hope I have Answered your Question Clearly.Thank You!
Why is the National Organization of Women fighting the presumption of joint custody?
Sadly I would assume that it is to do with the money available to the primary carer. Even though many men still pay child support with joint custody it is a lot lower and leaves less leverage to trade time with kids for money during the divorce. NOW has always been against men having any sort of care of children after divorce. In 1996 they claimed that men who apply for custody of children were pedophiles, wife bashers or both. They updated this in 2005 to a similar statement but with less harsh language. NOW is also against no fault divorce using the reason that women can use signing a divorce as leverage to get more money from their former partner. They also support men having to pay their wife's legal expenses for any family court cases regardless of the cost or who gets the outcome they applied for. For a group that claims to be for equality it also worth noting that they have not had a man in a management position since the 1970s but I have to give them credit for producing Karen DeCrow who was a 'good' feminist. It is interesting that feminism in the Scandinavian countries is totally for shared care, paternity leave and flexible workplaces for both men and women yet in the US, England etc is completely against these things. I think feminism in places like Sweden is a lot more about equality even though it has some serious issues with censorship and freedom of speech.
Generally accepted accounting principles?
The answer would be "D". The term "generally accepted accounting principles" has a specific meaning for accountants and auditors. The AICPA Code of Professional Conduct prohibits members from expressing an opinion or stating affirmatively that financial statements or other financial data "present fairly... in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles," if such information contains any departures from accounting principles promulgated by a body designated by the AICPA Council to establish such principles. The AICPA Council designated FASAB as the body that establishes accounting principles for federal entities. The AICPA's hierarchy of generally accepted accounting principles in Statement of Auditing Standards (SAS) No. 91, The Federal GAAP Hierarchy, governs what constitutes GAAP for U.S. government reporting entities. The hierarchy lists the priority sequence of sources that an entity should look to for accounting and reporting guidance.
12. Which Supreme Court decision allowed for the segregation of blacks in "separate but equal" facilities?
12. Which Supreme Court decision allowed for the segregation of blacks in "separate but equal" facilities? (Points : 5) Marbury v. Madison Brown v. Board of Education Plessy v. Ferguson Dred Scott v. Stanford 4. What unofficial organization helped immigrants and others cope with nineteenth- and early twentieth-century city life while also accepting bribes in exchange for favors? (Points : 5) Tweed Machine Fair Deal Exchange Plunkitt's Party Tammany Hall 15. What was one argument against nineteenth-century American imperialism? (Points : 5) Traditional American principles opposed colonization. Social Darwinism meant that America would be superior without imperialism. America had sufficient sources of raw materials so there was no need for imperialism. The U.S. Army was too small to be effective overseas. 17. Why did Woodrow Wilson want to form a League of Nations? (Points : 5) He believed nations would be better equipped to avoid an economic crisis. He envisioned a shared system of providing for world poverty relief. He thought an organization like this could assure lasting world peace. He believed that member nations would contribute equitably to the cost of wars. 18. What was one effect of unrestricted German submarine attacks on shipping during World War I? (Points : 5) The United States entered the war. British and French supplies never reached their troops. The United States led the Berlin Airlift. The German navy became the most powerful naval force in the world. Thanks in advance
Court System in the United States Question?
There is a single comprehensive court system in the United States, whereby all state and federal courts are administered and supervised by the Judicial Branch of the federal government. True False
What is the difference between the different sommelier organizations?
The various sommelier organizations. The differences are in accreditation and trademarks.AccreditationThere are three levels of accreditation.The highest level of accreditation allows a school to issue a university degree. However, there are (currently) no sommelier programs that offer a full four year degree.The second level can issue a professional diploma, which is state authorized and comparable to an Associate degree. There are several schools that offer this level of certification.The lowest can only issue an trade qualification, which doesn’t carry any legal weight. Many excellent schools can only offer an industry qualification. However, not all states look kindly on such schools, so do your research before you commit.At SOMM|us, we use these criteria to rate wine schools across the United States.TrademarksThe other difference is the various trademarks used to describe their certifications. This is where wine certification gets a bit tricky. Each sommelier organization have trademarked specific terms for their programs. This is why there is a Master of Wine and a Master Sommelier certification.How Sommelier Programs are the SameWhile the nomenclature is different (due to those trademarks) the organization of the programs are remarkably similar.Organization of Sommelier CertificationThere is a basic organizing principle behind sommelier courses.L1: Level One Certification. The basic level of sommelier certification. Not all schools offer this certification.L2: Level Two Certification. Knowledge of varietals and blind tasting are standard components to this level.L3: Level Three Certification. Major viticultural regions, terroir, and winemaking styles are the core components of level 3 certification. Exams may also include blind tastings and have restaurant service requirements.L4: Level Four Certification. Often known as an Advanced certificate, this is the equivalent of a sommelier degree. This is the level most professionals aspire to. To achieve a Level Four certificate, expect to invest a minimum of two years.L5: Level Five Certification. The highest level of certification for sommeliers, and very difficult to acquire. Only the very best programs offer a Level Five certification.Originally published here: The Guide to Wine Certifications in AmericaFor reviews and outlines of the various sommelier programs: Sommelier Programs in the United States