What is an Ethnic Enclave in your own personal opinion?
The term ethnic enclave when used in the context of North American cities, has a slightly different meaning than it does when used elsewhere. The formal use of enclave implies a community or population that is essentially trapped within walls and completely surrounded by an unfriendly population or government. In the United States and Canada, the term refers to communities, often of recent immigrants, who have voluntarily chosen to cluster together in a neighborhood, district or suburb. Historically, the clustering may have been involuntary, due to housing discrimation which prevented members of ethnic or religious minorities from settling in more prosperous parts of town. To city residents who are not part of the community, the area is usually a dining and shopping destination and source of "authentic" ethnic food and groceries, such as Chinese cuisine in Chinatowns and Italian restaurants in Little Italys. Certain ethnic enclaves may also be promoted as tourist attractions for revenue, sometimes by community business leaders. Services and goods in the area are oriented toward the ethnic group, and the lingua franca for business and social exchanges in the area is the native language of the group. Street signs and business signage may be in the native language or in multiple languages, such as street signs in English and Chinese in Chinatowns. English is also used when conducting transactions with customers outside—even within (especially with American-born descendants of ethnic immigrants)—the ethnic group. Ethnic enclaves may also be sources of imported goods not easily found or sold in mainstream American retail outlets; for example, Japanese-language popular culture items may be sold in Little Tokyo, Hong Kong cinema Video CDs can be purchased in Chinatown and Bollywood blockbuster DVDs can be found in Little India. Jewish enclaves may be enclosed in an eruv while Muslim enclaves may have loudspeakers to announce the calls to prayer. European enclaves are somewhat more common in the North and East; Asian enclaves are somewhat more common in the West.
Why do different ethnic groups tend to cluster together geographically?
One important detail to note is that that map doesn't show the "majority", but may only show a slight plurality. For example, a country might only be 20% Irish, but show up as Irish on the map due to all other ethnic groups being smaller.Where clusters exist, it has to do with past immigration patterns. The areas where the primary ancestry is "American" were settled very early in American history, but did not attract later immigrants. Therefore, very few people in these areas remember where their ancestors came from because it was so long ago.The second wave of immigration was dominated by people from northern Europe, particularly Germans. They settled in the early industrial areas or moved westward. Within this, there are small clusters of Norwegians, Dutch, and Finns. What would happen would be a ship of, let's say, Norwegians would arrive together. They would then move out west and establish their own community. Over time, more Norwegian immigrants would learn about this community and move there.The third wave of immigration was after much of the West was settled, this mostly included the Irish and Italians who settled in industrial cities in the Northeast. Therefore, their descendents have a large presence in the Northeast but not elsewhere.The fourth wave has included many Hispanics who mostly cross through the Mexican border. As there are already established Spanish-speaking communities in these areas, they tend to stay unless they find better work elsewhere.One detail I've never found an explanation for is the prevalence of people of English ancestry around Utah. This matches up perfectly with areas with a large Mormon populations. I'm not sure what the connection between English ancestry and Mormonism is.
What is the clustering coefficient on Facebook's network?
When I first got to Facebook, I played a lot with this metric. I don't recall the value, but I can say the largest connected components I found were often easy to link to a club devoted to a single ethnic group or religion on a college campus, which I found fairly interesting.Later on, some of the folks on the Data team tried to use this metric as part of a least-angle regression study on user retention. IIRC, it was found to be fairly problematic because large users have disproportionately sparse clustering coefficients no matter how social they might be. I wasn't on the front lines at that point, however, so I'll defer to Cameron Marlow and Itamar Rosenn.
What is ethnic clustering?
it means that, in a city, one area will be predominately asian, one area will be primarily black, one area will be predominately white, etc. Birds of a feather flock together.
Ethnic identity, please help!!?
A century ago European immigrants to the United States had much stronger ethnic ties than today, including clustering in specific neighborhoods. Discuss the merits and disadvantages of retaining strong ethnic identity in the United States as opposed to full assimilation into the American nationality identity.
What ethnic group in the United States is most commonly affected by brucellosis, and why?
"Time-space clustering of human brucellosis cases in California late in the 20-year study period may reflect the distribution of Hispanic populations. Public health programs in California should focus on educating Hispanic populations about the risk of consuming dairy products, such as soft cheeses, made from unpasteurized milk." From abstract of link, also if it is transmitted through farm animals (which it is) then there is a disproportional number of hispanics working on farms. So social economic factors and dietary customs
What are some common reasons for ethnic minorities to choose where to cluster?
One is economic support. Sometimes, but by no means always, ethnic minorities migrating to a new area find that people there of the same background will help them out financially as they learn to navigate their new home.You can see this -- literally, see it on signs -- all around New York City, for example. Walk around the East Village, which was exploding with Ukranian and German immigrants around 1900, and today you will see a number of buildings with Cyrillic writing on them. One of them, on Second Avenue, says "Ukranian Self-Reliance Credit Union." This began as a neighborhood institution helping Ukranian migrants. One of New York City's successful medium-sized banks, Emigrant Savings, began as an institution for Irish immigrants. And a Korean-American friend of mine from Chicago told me that her parents, when they arrived there from Korea, participated in an informal "money club" where Korean immigrants pooled money together; each month, one family would receive the pool created by other families' donations. (I could never understand how the economics of this made sense, because it seemed like there was no net increase in wealth, just a monthly reshuffling, but what matters is that the participants found it useful).There are other reasons too:Food: the growing Somali community in my home state of Maine tends to cluster in the two cities where there they can easily find halal butchers and stores.Religion: if it is important for you to be able to attend a Greek Orthodox Church, a Mosjid, or a synagogue, then your options are likely limited to places with existing ethnic clusters. Language: if you're still working on learning a new language, it helps to live near people with whom you can easily communicate.I realize these examples refer to national origin and not necessarily "ethnicity," which is a very amorphous concept, but I think these examples apply equally to national origin and ethnicity.
What are advantages and disadvatages of ethnic enclaves in US?
In New York, there is an ethnic enclave of those descended from white Europeans along the Upper East Side. Occasionally, one will see some Asian Americans and Asians who also live there; more rarely, African Americans and Latinos. One also sees non-white people who work for those descended from white Europeans. People of European descent will often flock to the UES for several reasons:*They have convinced themselves that this gives them address status in a city where one of the first question is: "Where do you live?".*They can see their ethnicity and cultural mores reflected everywhere around them for a stretch of roughly twenty blocks.*They can go to bars and only see people of their own ethnicity and race.*They can feel safe, or so they tell me, in knowing that they are not around people of other races.*I've also been told by one woman of Irish descent (third generation) that she wants to live in a neighborhood where she can get food she wants.*I also have known quite a few people in their twenties who pay for rent beyond their means to live in this ethnic enclave because they aspire towards a certain ethnic lifestyle. However, it is more common for young people now to move to other European descent gentrified neighborhoods in Brooklyn.
What is the ethnic background of the majority of the Uruguayan people?
90% of the population is “white” although this is how much people feel like since it’s their skin color. Most of Uruguay ethnic background come from Europe, specially from Spain and Italy. But this 90% are actually most Mestizos, which is basically the combination of White European and Amerindian. For most Uruguayans we are half Guarani or Half Charrua.The other part of the percentage are 4% black 4% people who are more amerindian than european and 2% full amerindian.