What is the exact DNA sequence for Achondroplasia?
Achondroplasia is caused by one of two point mutations in the FGFR3 gene. The "normal" FGFR3 sequence in the genome is can be found here: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NG_0... (Too big to copy and paste) The mutated version causes a substitution of arginine for glycine at position 380 in the polypeptide. Both those mutations happen at 1138th nucleotide, which is cytosine here. One mutation turns that into a thyamine, the other into a guanine.
Can a DNA be mutated to make a person end up 7 foot while both parents are dwarf? If so, how?
This question is slightly misinformed. It is not necessary that a dwarf couple will almost certainly give birth to a dwarf child. 7 feets is again an abnormal condition(gigantism). Coming to the question here the answer is maybe.DNA mutation in the lamest of terms is nothing but altering any base(s) that might activate or inhibit its proper function. The process might involve using uv light or inserting/removing a gene sequence.I'll present a hypothesis.First one needs to identify the reason for dwarfism. To be precise, what is blocking the production of growth hormone or/and confirm wether reduced /blocked production of growth hormone is the only cause.Once idenfied, go through the entire human genome to find the exact location of the gene responsible. Let me remind you this location will vary depending on the race.Now that the location has been identified, compare the results with that of a normal/regular human. Identify what is different. For this you need to study the gene expression of these said genes.Now that you have identified the cause, now you can plan the treatment. Do you need to block something from being produced to enable healthy secretion of growth hormones? Or do you need to produce/activate something that will enable proper functioning?Now your cure might be a gene sequence that must be inserted into the DNA or a chemical compound that maybe manufactured. Proper scientific methods are available for both the approaches.But before you embark on this journey you must know that most of the systems in the body are inter-connected. Affecting one will affect all the ones that connected. You might be able to cure dwarfism, induce gigantism but you might also give the person some new disorder that may prove to be fatal or maybe even superpowers and immortality.This question is actually quite interesting. Anyone wanna improve it? Please ask question and give suggestions as what/how to go about it.Thank you.
Are different human races the beginnings of speciation?
First of all, we must have clear that there is only one race, the human race, and different ethnicities due to differenciation or adaption of some members of the species to theri specific enviroment. It would´t be completely wrong to say that it is the beginning of speciation. Speciation is the process by which new spacies arise. This process can be given by two fenomena: geografical isolation, as happened when Pangea separated, isolating various species that later became different species(lama, alpaca, and camel); or reproductive isolation, when differences in reproductive proceses isolate two groups that later become different species. That said, if humans were isolated populations all around the earth, most likely, allopatric speciation would occur. Nevertheless, we occupy the entire earth, and do to this, it is highly unlikely.
How accurate is commercial full genome sequencing?
Depends what you mean by accuracy - the accuracy of the testing itself, or accuracy of the interpretation. Those commercial genome sequencing services usually are pretty accurate as far as it goes for the tests itself, even chips that are used by companies that test genome just partially are more than 99% accurate and they also have quality checks after the sequencing. From this I would say, it's accurate to make assumptions about you from that, but where's the exact quality depends on the company.If you think interpretation, it's always just statistics.